Australia's astronomy sector is at a critical juncture, facing a potential loss of access to world-leading telescopes that could have far-reaching consequences for its scientific leadership and high-tech industry. A recent UNSW report highlights the economic and scientific benefits of joining the European Southern Observatory (ESO), an international organization operating some of the most advanced telescopes in Chile's Atacama Desert.
The report, led by UNSW economist Scientia Professor Richard Holden, emphasizes the broader economic impact of astronomy and astrophysics, noting that the field generates significant spillover benefits through technology development, advanced engineering, and highly skilled data science talent. Professor Holden argues that contributing to global knowledge expansion leads to faster growth and increased prosperity for countries.
Australia's involvement in ESO has been pivotal, allowing researchers to apply for observing time on facilities like the Very Large Telescope (VLT), an array of four eight-meter telescopes capable of observing extremely faint objects in the distant universe. However, the current strategic partnership is set to expire in 2027, and there's no decision yet on Australia's future access to ESO's telescopes.
The report underscores the importance of ESO membership, which would grant Australian astronomers access to the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), the largest optical and infrared telescope ever built. With a 39-meter diameter mirror, the ELT will enable astronomers to study the formation and evolution of early galaxies and investigate the atmospheres of distant planets. Without full ESO membership, Australia risks missing out on these groundbreaking opportunities.
The SKA, a radio telescope project in Western Australia and South Africa, complements the ELT by observing gas in the universe. Professor Sarah Brough, Head of UNSW Physics, emphasizes the need for both projects to advance Australian astronomy. She warns that losing access to the ELT would significantly hinder scientific research, as these facilities are crucial for conducting cutting-edge astronomy for decades to come.
The economic benefits of ESO membership are substantial, with membership fees amounting to approximately $40 million annually, either in cash or in-kind support. This support has historically boosted local businesses in high-tech and precision engineering fields. The federal government is currently considering ESO's proposal, and the decision will shape Australia's future in the global astronomy community.
